The Becoming of Good Soldiers
An Ethnographic Exploration of Gender and Other Obstacles in the Military Borderland
Public Defence of PhD thesis by Beate Sløk-Andersen.
How are good soldiers ‘made’ in the 21st century? Based on an extensive ethnographic fieldwork at the boundaries of the military profession, this dissertation explores the process through which young citizens are turned into soldiers.
While a great deal of research has attended to the difficulties of making men want to fight for their country, this dissertation turns the matter upside down by inquiring into the challenge of becoming part of the military profession. This is done by unfolding how valuing – the assessment of who might be ‘good’ – takes place among conscripted soldiers in the Danish army. Making use of an everyday perspective attentive to the embodied routines and tacit knowledge of the soldiers, the dissertation analyses how boundaries for recognition of good soldiers are established affectively, materially, and discursively.
Drawing on the work of scholars within e.g. critical military studies and post-feminism, the dissertation unpacks the power mechanisms and inequalities that intervene in young citizens’ attempts to become soldiers. Through the analyses of specific cases such as the use of uniforms and the joking relationship among soldiers, it is argued that the becoming as a good soldier is not merely a question of inherent or individual characteristics, such as a strong will or a strong body. Rather, access to the military profession is the result of bodily performances of recognizable versions of the good soldier; a process in which questions of e.g. gender and sexuality comes to matter. Overall, the dissertation hereby illustrates that becoming part of the military profession is a difficult process in which the possibility of being recognized as a good soldier is far from evenly distributed.
Hvordan ’laver’ man gode soldater i det 21. århundrede? Baseret på et omfattende etnografisk feltarbejde besvarer denne afhandling netop dette spørgsmål med et fokus på det militære grænseland; dér hvor unge borgere træder ind i den militære sfære og begynder at tillære sig nye rutiner og normer i håbet om at blive rigtige soldater.
Mens meget forskning har fokuseret på, hvordan man får modstræbende borgere til at kæmpe for deres land, vender denne afhandling emnet på hovedet ved udforske forhindringerne i at få lov til at blive del af den militære profession. Dette gøres ved at undersøge, hvordan værdisætning – vurdering af hvem der er ’gode’ – finder sted blandt værnepligtige soldater i den danske hær. Denne proces udforskes via et hverdagsperspektiv, hvor kropslige rutiner og usagte regler bruges som afsæt for at undersøge, hvordan der affektivt, materielt og diskursivt etableres grænser for, hvem der kan genkendes som gode soldater.
Ved hjælp af især en postfeministisk og militærkritisk tilgang udfolder afhandlingen de magtmekanismer og uligheder, der intervenerer i unge menneskers forsøg på at blive soldater. Gennem analyser af konkrete fænomener så som brugen af humor og anvendelsen af uniformer argumenterer afhandlingen for, at tilblivelsen af gode soldater ikke blot er betinget af medfødte eller individuelle egenskab så som den enkeltes vilje eller fysiske evner. Adgang til den militære profession er snarere resultatet af kroplige praktiseringer af genkendelige versioner af den gode soldat; en proces, hvor faktorer så som køn og seksualitet viser sig at være af betydning. Samlet set viser afhandlingen dermed, at tilblivelsen som soldat er en svær proces, hvori muligheden for at blive del af den militære profession er langt fra ligeligt distribueret.
Assessment Committee
- Associate Professor Marie Sandberg, chair (University of Copenhagen)
- Senior Lecturer Kevin McSorley (University of Portsmouth)
- Professor Fredrik Nilsson (Lund University)
Moderator of the defence
- Associate Professor Sniff Andersen Nexø (University of Copenhagen)
Copies of the thesis will be available for consultation at the following three places:
- At the Information Desk of the Library of the Faculty of Humanities
- In Reading Room East of the Royal Library (the Black Diamond)
- At the Saxo Institute, Karen Blixens Plads 8