Effect of a high protein/low glycaemic index diet on insulin resistance in adolescents with overweight/obesity - A PREVIEW randomized clinical trial

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articlepeer-review

Documents

  • Elke Dorenbos
  • Mathijs Drummen
  • Tanja Adam
  • Jesse Rijks
  • Bjorn Winkens
  • J Alfredo Martínez
  • Santiago Navas-Carretero
  • Gareth Stratton
  • Nils Swindell
  • Pauline Stouthart
  • Kelly Mackintosh
  • Melitta McNarry
  • Angelo Tremblay
  • Mikael Fogelholm
  • Raben, Anne
  • Margriet Westerterp-Plantenga
  • Anita Vreugdenhil

Background: Pubertal insulin resistance (IR) is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus development in adolescents with overweight/obesity.

Objectives: The PREVIEW study was a randomized parallel trial assessing the change in IR, analyzed by Homeostatic Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), at 2 years after randomization to a high protein vs a moderate protein diet in adolescents with overweight/obesity. It was hypothesized that a high protein/low glycaemic index diet would be superior in reducing IR compared to a medium protein/medium GI diet, in insulin resistant adolescents with overweight or obesity.

Methods: Adolescents with overweight/obesity and IR from the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Spain were randomized into a moderate protein/moderate GI (15/55/30En% protein/carbohydrate/fat, GI ≥ 56) or high protein/low GI (25/45/30En% protein/carbohydrate/fat, GI < 50) diet. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters, puberty, dietary intake and physical activity (PA) were measured and effects on HOMA-IR were analyzed.

Results: 126 adolescents were included in this study (13.6 ± 2.2 years, BMI z-score 3.04 ± 0.66, HOMA-IR 3.48 ± 2.28, HP n = 68, MP n = 58). At 2 years, changes in protein intake were not significantly different between timepoints or intervention groups and no effects of the intervention on IR were observed. The retention rate was 39%, while no compliance to the diets was observed.

Conclusions: The PREVIEW study observed no effect of a high protein/low GI diet on IR in adolescents with overweight/obesity and IR because of lack of feasibility, due to insufficient retention and dietary compliance after 2 years.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere12702
JournalPediatric Obesity
Volume16
Issue number1
Number of pages8
ISSN1747-7166
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2021

Bibliographical note

© 2020 The Authors. Pediatric Obesity published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation.

    Research areas

  • Faculty of Science - Dietary protein, Glycaemic index, Glycaemic load, Physical activity, Pubertal insulin resistance

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